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Jun 26, 2026

Can Israel fend off Hezbollah without alienating America?

Jonathan Spyer

Can Israel fend off Hezbollah without alienating America?

  • Thursday, June 25, 2026, 3:47 PM
israel lebanon
An Israeli Army airstrike in Lebanon (Credit: Getty images)

As the 60-day period of negotiations stipulated by the Memorandum of Understanding between Iran and the US gets under way, the issue of Lebanon is fast emerging as a central bone of contention. It is also revealing significant differences in the stances of America and Israel.  

Israel has sought throughout to detach its battle with the Iranian proxy group Hezbollah in Lebanon from the negotiations – and from the larger effort to settle the conflict between the US and Iran. The logic is as follows: Hezbollah intends to continue its war against Israel. Jerusalem is aware that the US administration very much wants the current negotiations to succeed, so the Israeli government is currently engaged in the difficult task of seeking not to lose ground in an ongoing fight with an Iranian proxy, while simultaneously not coming across as a spoiler to a US administration keen to conclude its own conflict with Iran.  

Iran, predictably, is keen that Israel should not succeed in this effort. As part of this, Tehran is determined to link the two fronts (i.e., Iran/Hormuz and Lebanon), insisting that failure in one means failure in both. Iran hopes by so doing to formalize a mechanism by which it can both protect its main Levantine proxy and create and widen divisions between Washington and Jerusalem.  

Israel has no capacity to destroy Hezbollah in its entirety in Lebanon

Regarding the former goal, Iran hopes that US commitment to the success of any agreement will lead it to pressure Israel to withdraw from Lebanon – or otherwise stay its offensive against Hezbollah so as not to endanger the agreement’s implementation. Should Israel seek to defy US desires in this regard, this will serve the secondary goal of encouraging differences between Iran’s two enemies.  

After initial wrangling between the US and Iranian sides over the issue of Lebanon, they have now reached agreement on the establishment of a “deconfliction cell” intended to ensure the cessation of military operations in the country, as required by the MoU. The mechanism includes the United States, Iran and the official government of Lebanon, along with the two countries who are mediating the negotiations, Pakistan and Qatar.  

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Israel is excluded from the deconfliction cell, and it is not at all clear that the mechanism will succeed in its intended purpose. This is because a direct conflict is still under way between Israel and Hezbollah, the dynamics of which are in direct contradiction to the Geneva negotiations.  

Iran believes that it emerged victorious from the war which recommenced on February 28. It is now interested in reaching an arrangement with the United States, which it sees as formalizing this achievement – and which it intends will include new arrangements on the Strait of Hormuz and the unfreezing of financial resources currently out of its reach. At the same time, Tehran has no intention of ending the broader strategic contest with the US. It also has no interest in concluding the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel.  

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